一场马拉松看似只是将个把万人聚集起来，随着一声枪响，人流鱼贯而出，直到冲过终点线，最终各自散去，但其背后的条条框框却容易被人所忽视。 更不用提分秒必争的精英运动员，他们在比赛中需要遵守的规则，远比想象的要复杂。 WORLD ATHLETICS（世界田径联合会）在去年公布的路跑(label raod races)竞赛和技术规则对于我们的很多疑惑进行了解答。其中不少规则甚至会颠覆我们的认知。
需要 比赛赛道必须至少于比赛当天持有有效的国际田联/国际马拉松及路跑协会（AIMS）认证的国际丈量证书。对于精英标牌、精英白金标牌和标牌赛事，推荐对赛道进行“预先认证”（即提前由两名国际田联/AIMS认证的丈量员进行丈量，其中一名须为“A级”丈量员），以确保丈量的准确性。 Race courses must hold a World Athletics/AIMS international measurement certificate valid at least throughout the race day. For Elite Label and Elite Platinum Label races, it is recommended that the course be “pre-verified” (i.e. measured in advance by two World Athletics/AIMS accredited measurers, one of the accredited measurers should be of “Grade A”) to ensure the accuracy of the measurement 需要
The original Course Measurer or other suitably qualified official designated by the Course Measurer with a copy of the documentation detailing the officially measured course shall ride in the lead vehicle during the competition to validate that the course run by the athletes conforms to the course measured and documented by the official Course Measurer. 不能 配速员须由官方授权，并且能够通过特殊的服饰或类似物品进行清晰辨认。为了更好地推广全体国际精英运动员的形象，配速员的主号码布应印有姓名。若配速员并未穿着特殊服饰，则可将“配速（PACE）“字样与姓名一起印在主号码布上，或印在配速运动员前胸或后背的第二块主号码布上。 Pacemakers are authorised and should be clearly identifiable through a distinctive uniform or similar. To better promote the image of all international elite athletes, a pacemaker’s main bib shall include their name. If a pacemaker has no distinctive uniform, it is allowed to have the word “PACE” together with their name on the bib, or on a second bib to be placed either on the chest or on the back of the pacing athlete. 不能 赛事组委会任用的作为配速员的运动员是诚实的参赛选手。他们必须与所有其他国际精英运动员们一起开始比赛，必须被记录在比赛的起跑名单中，像其他国际精英运动员一样进行计时，如果他们完成比赛，也必须录入官方排名。 Athletes employed by Race Organisers as pacers are bona-fide competitors. They must start the competition together with all other international elite athletes, must be recorded in the race start list, timed like other international elite athletes, and if they complete the race they must be officially ranked. 不是 所有的补给站均应由外场裁判员或总裁判指定的合格的裁判员在场，以确保给每位国际精英运动员的补给是公平的，若有任何违规均须上报。 Umpires or other suitably qualified officials designated by the Referee shall be present at all refreshment stations, to ensure the treatment provided to all international elite athletes is fair, and to report any violations. 不能 国际精英运动员们只能从赛事组委会提供的官方补给站获得水或饮料食品。 International elite athletes may only take water or refreshments at the official stations provided by the Race Organiser. 建议不要 包括配速员在内的全体参赛者均可分享饮料食品。然而，任一运动员对一名或多名其他运动员的持续性支持可能会被认为是不公平援助，并可能会被处以警告或取消比赛资格。在男女混合比赛中，男性运动员将饮料食品传递给女性运动员的行为若被认定为不公平援助，则可能会导致后者被取消比赛资格。 Refreshments can be shared between competitors, including pacemakers. However, any continuous support from any athlete to one or more others may be regarded as unfair assistance and warnings and/or disqualifications may be applied. In mixed-gender races, the handing of a refreshment from a male to a female athlete may result in the disqualification of the latter if a situation of unfair assistance occurs. 以上内容均摘自世界田径联合会2020年最新版的路跑竞速和技术规则。考虑到翻译水平有限，该内容仅作为参考和一次简单的分享。 当中国的马拉松办赛数量逐渐水涨船高时，我们是不是需要将更多的目光聚焦在赛事的质量和标准？当精英运动员在追求更快、更好的成绩时，除了数字的变化，更多的比赛细节也同样值得注意，细节决定成败，因为小小的违规而折戟沉沙，何尝不是一种遗憾。 在这个人人跑马的年代，42.195公里这个距离时常被人提起，但你跑的每一场马拉松都有42.195公里吗？
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